Vegetables: Nutrition and Food

Vegetables A vegetable is a part of a plant consumed by humans that is generally savory but is not sweet. A vegetable is not considered a grain, fruit, nut, spice, or herb. For example, the stem, root, flower, etc. , may be eaten as vegetables. Vegetables contain many vitamins and minerals; however, different vegetables contain different spreads, so it is important to eat a wide variety of types. For example, green vegetables typically contain vitamin A, dark orange and dark green vegetables contain vitamin C,and vegetables like broccoli and related plants contain iron and calcium.Vegetables are very low in fats and calories, but ingredients added in preparation can often add these. [edit]Fruits In terms of food (rather than botany), fruits are the sweet-tasting seed-bearing parts of plants, or occasionally sweet parts of plants which do not bear seeds. These include apples, oranges, plums, bananas, etc. Fruits are low in calories and fat and are a source of natural sugars, fiber and vitamins. Processing fruits when canning or making into juices may add sugars and remove nutrients. The fruit food group is sometimes combined with the vegetable food group.Note that many foods considered fruits in botany because they bear seeds are not considered fruits in cuisine because they lack the characteristic sweet taste, e. g. , tomatos or avocados. [edit]Oils The food pyramid advises that fats be consumed sparingly. Butter and oils are examples of fats. Healthy sources of fat can be found in fish, nuts, and certain fruits and vegetables, such as avocados. [edit]Dairy Dairy products are produced from the milk of mammals, most usually but not exclusively cattle. They include milk, yogurt and cheese.Milk and its derivative products are a rich source of dietary calcium, but also provide protein, phosphorus, vitamin A, and vitamin D. However, many dairy products are high in saturated fat and cholesterol compared to vegetables, fruits and whole grains, which is why skimmed pro ducts are available as an alternative. For adults, three cups of dairy products are recommended per day. [8][9] [edit]Meat and beans Meat is the tissue – usually muscle – of an animal consumed by humans. Since most parts of many animals are edible, there is a vast variety of meats.Meat is a major source of protein, as well as iron, zinc, and vitamin B12. Meats, poultry, and fish include beef, chicken, pork, salmon, tuna, shrimp, and eggs. The meat group is one of the major compacted food groups in the food guide pyramid. Many of the same nutrients found in meat can also be found in foods like eggs, dry beans, and nuts, such foods are typically placed in the same category as meats, as meat alternatives. These include tofu, products that resemble meat or fish but are made with soy, eggs, and cheeses.For those who do not consume meat or animal products (see Vegetarianism, veganism and Taboo food and drink), meat analogs, tofu, beans, lentils, chick peas, nuts and other hi gh-protein vegetables are also included in this group. The food guide pyramid suggests that adults eat 2–3 servings per day. One serving of meat is 4 oz (110 g), about the size of a deck of cards. 1. Natural appetite suppressant In case you are wondering if this means you should replace your regular meals with gallons of water, no.When our bodies are dehydrated, it can sometimes misinterpret thirst for hunger. In the stressful office environment that we work in, we will usually reach out for a cup of coffee or grab anything sugary so it can both give us a quick boost in energy and at the same time curb what we believe is hunger. Since what our body is truly looking to be hydrated instead of being fed, this false signal of hunger will soon come back resulting in you indulging in a lot of unnecessary snacking. We all know what the outcome of that is going to be.When you have a bottle of water at your desk, you have a higher tendency to drink it than if you had to constantly get it from the pantry. So at the start of the work day, keep a one liter bottle of water at your desk and aim to finish everything by lunchtime. After lunch, replenish that bottle and aim to finish it before you finish for the day. For all you coffee drinkers, don't think for a second that all those coffee you drink is enough to hydrate your body. Caffeine is a diuretic that actually dehydrate you. So coffee drinkers should actually drink more water instead. . Improves Fat Metabolism Our liver is an amazing organ that is responsible for metabolizing fat amongst many other important functions such as cleansing your body of toxins, breaking down alcohol, etc. Metabolizing fat basically means converting fat to be used as energy. Drinking water helps weight loss by ensuring your liver is metabolizing fat properly. When your body is dehydrated, your kidney functions are affected. If your kidneys cannot perform properly, the liver steps up to take on its duties and hence becomes overloaded. When that happens the liver won't be able to help you burn fat effectively. If you exercise and don't drink enough water, this will negate the fat burning benefits of your workouts altogether. Never wait till you are thirsty to drink water. When your body has to signal thirst to you, that means you are already on the verge of dehydration and your liver is about to work overtime and in the process affecting your fat burning effectiveness. 3. Improve exercise performance Everyone knows that maintaining proper hydration is crucial before, during and after exercise.If you do not drink sufficient water, your blood thickens and it becomes harder for your body to transport oxygen and nutrients to your muscles to effectively perform your workouts. If you can't get the most out of your workouts, how are you going to burn fat efficiently? Furthermore, as your exercise, your body heats up. Without proper hydration, your body clings on to whatever little water it has. This means you will not be able to perspire and cool your body down during exercise resulting in your body overheating and in severe cases, leading to heat stroke.Before your exercise, aim to drink at least a tall glass of water. Keep a large bottle of water handy and drink it constantly during your exercise to keep yourself hydrated throughout the workout session. 4. Burn extra calories Drinking water helps weight loss by helping your burn extra calories as well. Scientists in Germany discovered that drinking at least 500 ml of water in one sitting increased our metabolic rate by 30% in 10 minutes. This increased metabolism will sustain for up to 40 minutes and during this time, 100 extra calories are burned.Aim to drink at least 2 liters of water when you are in the office to burn up to 400 extra calories a day. At the beginning, don't worry if you are suddenly visiting the washroom more often due to your increased water intake. This just means that your body is now able to release water that it has been k eeping in your body. As you continue to drink more water, your body will recognize that it doesn't have store water anymore and will now allowing for a better regulation of fluid within your body. We all know that water is life. It's no coincidence that drinking more water is always the advice we get whenever we are not feeling well.So before you reach out for the next â€Å"state-of-the-art† fat loss pill for the quickest way to lose weight, give drinking more water a try. And the answer to the commonly asked question, â€Å"Can  drinking water help weight loss? † will be very pleasingly evident to you. If you work in an office and can't seem to find time to lose weight, there are more great weight loss tips to show you how to get slim and the  quickest way to lose weight. Also, you can get your hands on the free fat loss starter kit that has helped many others lose up to 5 lbs in the first week.Visit corporatefatlossplan. com now! What is a healthy diet? | Hunter -gatherers living on their traditional diets are virtually free of heart, cancer and other degenerative diseases common in the western world. | | Since this article deals with healthy eating habits, a question remains to be answered: what constitutes a healthy diet? Unfortunately, there are more opinions about this than there are health experts. To further complicate the matter, dietary concepts change over time, leaving most people confused and uncertain about what or whom to trust.One solution to this problem is to become sufficiently knowledgeable about the relevant subjects and rely on reason to draw basic conclusions. Along with  personal experimentation, such approach will enable you to establish healthy eating habits that work especially well for your body. This takes time and requires discipline, but considering the long lasting benefits healthy eating can provide, the effort is more then well worth it. In order to determine the minimal basic requirements of a healthy diet , I concluded that it is safe to start with the following two objectives: 1. xamine human diet over time – the foods humans consumed since the arrival of our species. 2. examine diets of ethnic groups known for their good health. | The traditional living Okinawans and people from the other Ryukyu Islands have the highest longevity in the world. This is partly attributed to diet, but also to other factors such as lifestyle, genetics, and mental well being. | | Looking at the type of diets humans lived on through out  pre-history, provides good insights into the kind of foods human body is well adapted at utilizing and dealing with.Further, the diets of certain ethnic groups that are well known for good health – the  people of Okinawa  (Japan); traditional cultures in the  Mediterranean region; and many  hunter-gatherer  societies – suggest certain healthy eating habits that promote good health. Upon closer examination of the above mentioned objectives , two main denominators emerged: A) diets are based on natural, whole or minimally processed foods in accordance to heritage. B) diets are lower in calories compared to a typical western diet.In the context of present time, one can therefore make two general assumptions in regard to the question of what constitutes a healthy diet: 1) generally, the less a food is processed the better. 2) eat less – eat what is adequate, do not over eat. Food  is any substance[1]  consumed to provide nutritional support for the body. It is usually of  plant  or  animal  origin, and contains essential  nutrients, such as  carbohydrates,  fats,  proteins,vitamins, or  minerals. The substance is ingested by an organism and assimilated by the organism's cells in an effort to produce energy, maintain life, or stimulate growth.Historically, people secured food through two methods:  hunting and gathering, and  agriculture. Today, most of the  food energy  consumed by the   world population  is supplied by the  food industry. Food safety  and  food security  are monitored by agencies like the  International Association for Food Protection,  World Resources Institute,  World Food Programme,  Food and Agriculture Organization, and  International Food Information Council. They address issues such as  sustainability,  biological diversity,  climate change,  nutritional economics,  population growth,  water supply, and  access to food.The  right to food  is a  human right  derived from the  International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights  (ICESCR), recognizing the â€Å"right to an adequate standard of living, including adequate food†, as well as the â€Å"fundamental right to be free from hunger†. ————————————————- Food sources Global average daily  calorie  consum ption Almost all foods are of plant or animal origin. Cereal  grain is a  staple food  that provides more food energy worldwide than any other type of crop.Maize,  wheat, and  rice  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ in all of their varieties – account for 87% of all grain production worldwide. [2] Other foods not from animal or plant sources include various edible  fungi, especially  mushrooms. Fungi and ambient  bacteria  are used in the preparation of  fermented  andpickled  foods like  leavened  bread,  alcoholic drinks,  cheese,  pickles,  kombucha, and  yogurt. Another example is  blue-green algae  such as  Spirulina. [3]  Inorganic substances such as  baking soda  and  cream of tartar  are also used to chemically alter an ingredient. Plants Foods from plant sourcesSee also:  Herbs  and  spices Many  plants  or plant parts are eaten as food. There are around 2,000 plant species which are cultivated for food, and many have several distinct  cultivars. [4] Seeds  of plants are a good source of food for animals, including humans, because they contain the nutrients necessary for the plant's initial growth, including many healthful fats, such asOmega fats. In fact, the majority of food consumed by human beings are seed-based foods. Edible seeds include  cereals  (maize,  wheat,  rice,  et cetera),  legumes  (beans,  peas,  lentils,  et cetera), and  nuts.Oilseeds  are often pressed to produce rich oils –  sunflower,  flaxseed,  rapeseed  (including  canola oil),  sesame,  et cetera. [5] Seeds are typically high in unsaturated fats and, in moderation, are considered a health food, although not all seeds are edible. Large seeds, such as those from a  lemon, pose a choking hazard, while seeds from  apples  and  cherries  contain a poison (cyanide). Fruits  are the ripened ovaries of plants, including the seeds within. Many plants have evolved fruits that a re attractive as a food source to animals, so that animals will eat the fruits and excrete the seeds some distance away.Fruits, therefore, make up a significant part of the diets of most cultures. Some botanical fruits, such as  tomatoes,  pumpkins, and  eggplants, are eaten as vegetables. [6]  (For more information, see  list of fruits. ) Vegetables  are a second type of plant matter that is commonly eaten as food. These include  root vegetables  (potatoes  and  carrots), bulbs (onion  family),  leaf vegetables  (spinach  and  lettuce),stem vegetables  (bamboo  shoots and  asparagus), and  inflorescence vegetables  (globe artichokes  and  broccoli  and other vegetables such as  cabbage  or  cauliflower. [7] Dairy cattle  in  Maryland Animals Various raw  meats Main articles:  Animal source foods  and  Food chain Animals are used as food either directly or indirectly by the products they produce. Meat  is an example o f a direct product taken from an animal, which comes from  muscle  systems or from  organs. Food products produced by animals include  milk  produced by  mammary glands, which in many cultures is drunk or processed into  dairy products  (cheese,  butter, et cetera).In addition, birds and other animals lay  eggs, which are often eaten, andbees  produce  honey, a reduced nectar from flowers, which is a popular sweetener in many cultures. Some cultures  consume blood, sometimes in the form of  blood sausage, as a thickener for sauces, or in a  cured,  salted  form for times of food scarcity, and others use  blood  in stews such as  civet. [8] Some cultures and people do not consume meat or animal food products for cultural, dietary, health, ethical, or ideological reasons. Vegetarians  do not consume meat. Vegans  do not consume any foods that are or contain  ingredients  from an animal source.

Red Scare

It was November 18, 1918, the day WWI had officially ended. The last cry of help had been heard and peace was supposedly coming to the United States or it had seemed. An ideological war which prompted mass paranoia had caused, among many other things, what would be known as the Red Scare (****). The Red Scare was the label given to the actions of legislation, the race riots, and the hatred and persecution of â€Å"subversives† and conscientious objectors during that period of time.The purpose of this research is to explore the threat that plagued the United States in its’ time of great panic and anxiety, during the â€Å"first† Red Scare which lasted between 1919 to 1921. This powerful threat turned out to be Communism and it was greatly feared by almost every U. S. citizen. Communism is â€Å"system of social and economic organization in which property is owned by the state group, to be shared in common or to be disturbed among members of the community equally or in proportion to their respective needs.In 1919, no more than one-tenth of the adult American population belonged to the newly formed communist movement, and even this small percentage were greatly persecuted. After the real war ended in 1918, the ideological war, turned against conscientious objectors and other radical minorities such as Wobblies, who were members of the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW), and also Socialists. It was thought that the Wobblies and the Socialists were trying to overthrow the United States government. Wobblies, were persecuted against for speaking out against the capitalist system.Most of what they said, was only to attract attention, but it was taken seriously by the government. From the very beginning of the Red Scare, the Wobblies were attacked by the government because they were a symbol of radicalism. The government placed legislation not only against the Wobblies but also against Socialists and Communists. In 1917, the US government made a law which gave the Secretary of Labor the power to arrest or deport any alien advocating or teaching destruction of property or the overthrow of government by force. The government used deportation as a cure for the antigovernment views of its enemies.The unfair legislation passed by the government, everything was soon to become a disaster. All that everyone needed was for someone to take advantage of the anti-radical legislation and that is what Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer did in the years 1919-1920. Palmer deported members of the IWW. His Palmer raids had two main targets, which were the Communist Party and the Communist Labor Party. These two groups grew out of the IWW and the largest of the three, the Socialist Party of America, had split because of a dilemma over World War I.The Palmer Raids were attempts by the United States Department of Justice to arrest and deport radical leftists, especially anarchists, from the United States. The raids and arrests occurred in Nov ember 1919 and January 1920 under the leadership of Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer. Though more than 500 foreign citizens were deported, including a number of prominent leftist leaders, Palmer's efforts were largely frustrated by officials at the U. S. Department of Labor who had responsibility for deportations and who objected to Palmer's methods.Once Europe entered the war, the split occurred; this break up hurt the Socialist party and many who were not Socialists opposed the draft, but the party was the point of opposition. These people became targets for attack by American nationalists and the American government; members were lynched and important Socialist documents were burned. One Friday, January 2, 1920 to be exact, agents from the Department of Justice raided a Communist hideout and began arresting thousands of people in major American cities throughout the nation. They raided people who stayed in private homes, clubs, pool halls and coffee shops.The raiding got so he ctic that in many places that they started arresting citizens and aliens, Communists and non-Communists. Destruction of meeting halls and property began as well and along with putting their victims in prison, agents held them without an attorney and interrogated them. Prisoners were released a few days later unless they were members of the Communist Party or the Communist Labor Party. These two groups were formed from the American Communist movement and in only two days nearly five thousand people were arrested. Nearly five thousand were seized in the cleaning up that followed during the next two weeks.The arrests were carried out with total disregard for the rights of the prisoners. At this point and time Americans during this time were continuously on the verge of attacking anyone who wasn’t â€Å"American†. These people were extremely patriotic and ready to rid their nation of any intruder that seemed to threaten them, mainly the minorities whom they were very hosti le with. Palmer wasn't the cruelest or the most extreme of these anti-radicals. Senator Kenneth McKellen of Tennessee went so far as to propose sending all native-born radicals to a special penal colony on the island of Guam.Liberal journalist tried to mock Palmer in many different ways. In some occasions they would compare his actions to the shaving of a dogs hair and how by this it would promote growth in the society. Palmer ignored the journalist, and frankly he didn't care what they said about him and his actions. He still went on with all his raids. On December 27, around 250 deportees sailed for Russia from New York ion the U. S. S. Buford. On Friday, January 2, 1920, agents of the Justice department raided a Communist headquarters and began to arrest thousands of people all throughout the cities.In a period of two days, 5000 people were arrested and 1000 jailed. There was no reason for this doing and the treatment the prisoners got was unacceptable. The peace and security of the American nation was now being destroyed by the Wobblies and Socialists. The attacks were now focused on them, not anymore on the objectors. They were targeted by the use of the Espionage Act of 1918. â€Å"This act penalized anyone who obstructed the operation of the armed forces, or displayed disloyalty within the forces. The Justice Department convicted more than 1000 people.Surely among this number were a large number of Socialists and Wobblies. The Espionage Act was not the only law that was made by legislators to discriminate against antiwar groups. In October 1918, Congress passed the Alien Act, which gave the Secretary of Labor the power to deport any alien who, at any time after entering the United States, is found to have been at the time of entry, or to have become thereafter a member of any anarchist organization. This gave Palmer the authority to conduct his raids, during which thousands of people were arrested and detained without actually having been charged.Many tries to repeal the legislation, many Socialists became prominent figures due to their attempts to gain release for their imprisoned friends. The government had formulated and put into effect their plan to rid the country of unwanted foreign radicals, but the problem remained as what to do with those radicals were citizens of the United States. This was not to go unanswered for long, however. America was now in a state of disturbed peace and could not calm down until it rids its country of its disruptions.In the Fall of 1918, The Russian Revolution occurred and may also contribute to America's unrest. Out of nowhere in an extremely violent manner, the Communists citizens took control of the Russian government and murdered the Tsar and his entire family along with thousands of â€Å"nonconforming† Russians. Communism was established on the political philosophy of Karl Marx and was dedicated to establishing a society where there is no private ownership of property and where the government would control the making and distribution of all goods.Karl Heinrich Marx (German pronunciation: [ka l ? ha? n c ? ma ks], 5 May 1818 – 14 March 1883) was aPrussian-German philosopher and revolutionary socialist. His ideas played a significant role in the establishment of the social sciences and the development of the socialist movement. Marx's work in economics laid the basis for our understanding of labor and its relation to capital, and has influenced much of subsequent economic thought. [4][5][6][7] He published numerous books during his lifetime, the most notable being The Communist Manifesto (1848) and Capital (1867–1894).Due to the horrible misconduct and the overthrow of government, Americans began to panic. If it could happen in Russia, why couldn't it happen here? No plot to overthrow the government was ever uncovered. Yet, it was the paranoid fear of Communists that drove many Americans to violence. Another reason for the Red Scare was the strike held by mine workers. They were thought to be making threats against the Capitalist system through subversive Socialist organizations. These strikes were part of a series of events which took place in 1919.This strike, which occurred in February, was of 60,000 coal mine workers. In that September, steel workers attacked. Of course the blame was put upon the American Communists, although many communists tried to oppose this strike. Nationalist Americans called for the stop of the Bolshevik Revolution that was taking place in America. This panic traveling through the United States, made a series of bombs occur. Immediately the Socialist were accused. Attorney General Palmer took advantage of the panic of the public and asked Congress for fund appropriations to help avoid further danger.Congress not only supplied funds, but made sure that all foreign radicals were deported. This plan went very well, but then the government didn't know what to do when the radicals were US citizens. Dur ing my research of this this topic, I have learned a number of things. First of all, America was caught in a web of fear and conspiracy. No one could trust his neighbor or his father for fear that he was involved in the Communist movement. Americans were not happy with their government at this time, but this didn't mean that they wanted Communism as an option.Hyphenated Americans were particularly suspected. I have also learned that although Communism might have caused a lot of panic, no plot of Communism was ever found to be true. However, just because nothing was found doesn't mean that there wasn't anything to be found. America was extremely prejudiced toward anyone who wasn't a â€Å"pure American†. The Red Scare provided Americans with a scapegoat, now that we were no longer fighting the Germans. People really believed that Communists were everywhere and were plotting to overthrow the government.Citizens were now being treated like the women who were accused of being wit ches in the Salem Witch Trials. It didn't matter if you were or we’re not a Communist if someone accused you of being one. You were branded for most of your life. The biggest fear on people's minds was a communism takeover. People thought that Russia was going to cause an internal revolution within the US that would eventually end up removing the democratic government and replacing it with a dictator and communist government. The thought of Russia even attempting to do an attack was foolish from the beginning.America was also happy with its democratic government and was sure that they would have defeated the revolution. This is why America never had any true reason to fear a communist takeover occurring in the United States. The entire Red Scare was meant to keep communism out, and the main reason they wanted to do that is so they could remain free. â€Å"On the evening of Monday, December 29,1919, members of the Central Executive Committee of Buffalo's Communist party gathe red for a meeting in party headquarters in the second floor of the Teck Theater on Main Street.At about 9:30 p. m. , thirty police officers climbed the building's front and rear staircases, and the fire escape, forced open the doors of the meeting hall and burst in. As the party members stood quietly and watched, the police confiscated party records, including a membership list, communist pamphlets, hundreds of copies of the manifesto of the Communist party of America, a small printing press, a mimeograph machine and two typewriters. Then the police arrested twenty-two party members and locked most of them up in the third precinct police station on Pearl Street. Working through the night, police raided the homes of other party leaders, picking up George Till at 1:00 a. m. , and Christopher Keegan at 2:00 a. m. Raiders aroused Franklin Brill from sleep at his Williamsville home and brought him before District Attorney Guy Moore at 3:00 a. m. † The Committee commonly known as th e Lusk Committee, after its chairman State Senator Clayton R. Lusk of Cortland—had been established in March 1919 to investigate individuals and organizations suspected or promoting the overthrow of the United States government.The raids in November, December, and early January were the culmination of months of activity that had left the country in general, and Buffalo in particular, in a state of panic. On April 28, there was a bomb found in the mail of Seattle's outspoken mayor, Ole Hanson. Another bomb was found, exploded and blew the hands off a Georgia senator's maid. One time a New York postal clerk found sixteen more bombs that had not been sent due to a plethora of insufficient postage. Not even a month later after the April 28th bomb scare, another bomb destroyed the front of the home of Attorney General A.Mitchell Palmer in Washington. May Day riots occurred in several major U. S. cities, summer race riots in others and even rhe the Boston Police strike in September , followed by the nationwide steel strike and coal strike heightened animosity against socialists and radicals who were already held to be pariahs because of their pacifist stance during World War I. In June 1919, New York state officials raided the Rand School of Social Science in New York, as well as the headquarters of the I. W. W. along with the Socialists.This raids were created by the New York legislature action that created the Lusk Committee. The idea behind this committee was anit-radical, and it's tactics spread nationwide very quickly. Even with the legislation in place, Attorney General Palmer complained that not enough was being done to deportees. Even though after the Red Scare, he argued for the release of a Socialist that was imprisoned during the Scare and during it he helped convict many. In August of 1919, Palmer created an intelligence department to deal with problems that originated with anarchists.He appointed J. Edgar Hoover to lead the new agency. One of the first assignments of this agency was to raid The Union of Russian Workers in New York. The Red Scare finally came to an end after a series of actions by high government officials. Assistant Secretary of Labor Louis F. Post began to reject most of the immigrant related cases that were brought to him. Even the Secretary of Labor himself, William B. Wilson turned against Palmer. Out of 6,000 warrants issued during the raids, less than 1,000 resulted in deportations.Even though everyone opposed his actions, he still had the dream of running for president. But He was never nominated. By 1920, the Red Scare, was disappearing and by 1921 it was virtually gone. The hysterical anti-radical outbreak in 1919 and 1920 was relatively short-lived but that it left its mark on immigration policy, labor relations, and Constitutional liberties that lasted for generations. Higham argues that the Scare grew out of a fear that a huge part of the American population during World War I derived from enemy territory

Arthur Millers formation of a miserable story The Crucible

Arthur Millers formation of a miserable story The Crucible Essay The great play writer, Arthur Miller formed a miserable story The Crucible during the dark Mc Carthy Ela. The story was based on Salem Witch Trials and the event behind the history. The author created a parallel story to spend the reader the message of how he thinks about the Anti-Communism activity of the 1950s. The Salem Witch Trials and Anti-Communism activity of the 1950s are parallels. Many of the events are similar within The Crucible and the Red Scare. For example, Parris said, You will confess yourself or I will take you out and whip you to your death, (pg44) a situation often seen in the Red Scare. The people in The Crucible are forced to confess-which is very similar to when people needed to confess to keep their job or their life in the Red Scare. The author used these lines to show the evilness in Salem Witch Trials in relation to the Red Scare. For people to get freedom in the Red Scare they had to accuse others and that was the hunt rule. The same thing showed up in The Crucible, Abigail accuses Elizabeth of being a witch by poking a needle in herself as proof. To help Abigail accuse other, the helpers shouted Herrick, Herrick, it is a needle. (pg74) The author points out that there are people who know the truth but do not stand for it, like the girls in The Crucible. It wasnt easy to stand for the truth because people fear it so much. Certainly, the phrase crush him might indicate kill and destroy the devil when Parris tell the girl I mean to crush him utterly if he has shown his face. (pg39) No one really knows how the devil is and people think the devil is in the witchcraft, but the real devil is the fear of difference. Parris think the devil is going to destroy the town so he should destroy the devil. If there is fear inside him, the devil will never disappear; in reflection to the Red Scare, the whole idea about Anti-Communism was fear. So, Arthur Miller used The Crucible as a story to reflect and parallel the Red Scare in the 1950s. The Crucible is the message about how the author feels about the Anti-communism activity in the 1950s. The Arthur Miller used many symbolic phrases or events in The Crucible to express how he fells about the Red Scare. Like when Hale says, But you must understand, sir'(pg94), shows the people have been forced to understand. The word must conveys the people in the Salem Witch Trials and the Red Scare are making their choice under pressure. No one knows why the witch and the Communism are here because they can not know. But someone doesnt chose to exchange accusing others with freedom. When Giles says,I can not give you his name'(pg96), for himself, it means there are no name for him to give out; however, for the officers, it means he does not want to give out the name. The difference between the Giles and the officers are Giles believes in the truth, and the officers believe in a twisted mental idea. The officers are the people who have been twisted and twisting others, that was what authors message trying to say. Even though, they may find out they are wrong, they still think they should always be right. At one point of the story, John Proctor anger shouts in the front of everyone in the town before he die, I am John Proctor! You will not use me! (pg143). That proofed John Proctor made a real mans choice, and so did the author-Arthur Miller, he went to jail because he didnt want to twist the truth. John Proctors cry is the steadfast decision of the Arthur Miller. The author spends the reader his message of how he feels about the Red Scare by the symbolic story of The Crucible.

The Recruitment Process Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Recruitment Process - Article Example The public service caters for publicly provided goods and services. In this regard, the public sector human resource department needs to be competitive and responsible prior to service delivery. As an organization mandated to offer human resource services to the Australian States and Federal Government, Talent Seek manages 500 employees. These employees play different roles and purposes. About 80% of employees in Talent Seek are under the permanent basis of employment. Among the 500 employees in Talent Seek, there is one senior human resource manager who oversees all recruitment processes. Under the senior HR manger, there are 6 departmental recruitment mangers. Each recruitment manager gets assistance from 6 HR coordinators serving in the respective departmental levels. Talent Seek makes known its job vacancies by the way of advertisement. On average, Talent Seek receives about 18000 to 26000 applications within a month for advertised 300 job vacancies. Talent Seek has successfully taken the role of conducting recruitment for the public service in Australia. Jenny Deakin, Business Analysts and other Business Analysis & Improvement team members in the company have identified statistical and cost concerns that need to be analysed with regard to proper functioning and realization of the company’s objectives in a bid to put in place in place the most effective and efficient workforce for the public service. In order to do this, the company has to take into account all aspects of its recruitment procedures.

CD 361 - Language Development in Children - Essay

CD 361 - Language Development in Children - - Essay Example It is quite easy to understand the aspects of information delivery as defined in the article. The article offers a remedy to each dishonest use of information. The article depicts the significance of music in learning by showing how music influences the mind/brain. Moreover, the article confirms that listening to music derives fundamental cerebral advantages that enhance learning by activating neurons and maintaining synapses. The article uses relevant examples and diverse research to show how music improves learning by supporting hemispheric synchronization and enhancing brain coherence. The article resides on a scholarly journal. The authors are scholars with fundamental impact on human growth and consciousness. Professionals and students are the target audience for this article. I am not aware of other works that relate to this source. The work is highly relevant to the selected topic where it derives major contribution to the hypothesis. The book addresses the causes of attention deficit hyperactivity. The book defines the significance of music and other therapies on learning. The book recommends music to children with attention deficit hyperactivity and learning challenges. Indeed, the book defines the scientific basis for music in enhancing learning and attention among children. The author, Gordon Millichap is a medical professor. Medicine students and professionals like neurologists, nurses, psychologists, tutors, and thespians are the target audience for this book. This work relates to the above source since it defines how various aspects of the brain influences attention deficit hyperactivity in children. As such, the work is highly relevant to language development in children and contributes to the hypothesis. The site defines how music education prepares students to learn, facilitates student academic achievement, and develops the creative capacities for lifelong success. The site relied on quality and evidence-based

G&S Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

G&S - Research Paper Example This procedure for DNA forensic always begins at the scene where the crime has take place. Biological samples like saliva stain, blood remains, and semen samples are identified, collected, and transported to the laboratory for forensic laboratory analysis. There are instances where the DNA technique cannot be useful unless the investigators have found sufficient historical information on the suspect in check when a match is made in state or either national database (Balding, 2005). Once the lab analysis is complete with suspect’s analysis, the report is made available to investigators who must have some knowledge about the suspect in question. This is the situation where the law enforcer’s gets most challenging situation, as the DNA for the profile for the real offender may not be available for comparison with the materials recovered in the crime scene. Besides they have to ensure that they create an environment that ensures that, they obtain information from the suspects in a way that respect the privacy of those individuals (Butler, 2005). The federal law gives the FBI security sector the responsibility to administer and give support to the national DNA index system. Therefore, various states have enacted laws that ensure the DNA of convicted criminals is collected on specific crimes. This has made many states improve and expand the mandates involving the collection to include and retention of the offenders DNA’s samples after arrest (Butler, 2005). There has been gradual improvement forensic science of DNA as compared to traditional way where most DNA forensic was entirely based on scanning the fingerprints of the suspects that are left at the crime scenes. This traditional method entailed manual identification of fingerprints in absence of the suspects (Butler, 2012). This method was referee as cold searching. The method was slow, challenging and was not practical.

Consumer behavious - B2C and B2B Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Consumer behavious - B2C and B2B - Essay Example This paper therefore, shall be focussed on the identification and evaluation of the various dimensions of consumer behaviour and consumer decision making process based on the differences between the B2B and the B2C buying behaviour. Moreover, the paper shall also aim at providing few real life illustrations to demonstrate the major differences between the consumer behaviour in B2B and B2C markets. The paper shall also look into the buying process in the B2C markets. Differences between the Buyer Characteristics of B2B and B2C Customers According to most of the authors, researchers and marketers, the buying behaviour of consumers differs vastly in terms of B2B and B2C markets. The differences can be identified on the ground of various features related to the overall buying behaviour of the targeted customer group. To be precise, the buying behaviour of B2B and B2C consumers largely differs in terms of market structure, buying unit, kind of purchase, nature of the buying process and co mmunication (Dave, 2008). B2B Consumer B2C Consumer Market Structure: The structure of a market refers to the buying capacity of the targeted customers. ... prefer buying in units Kind of Purchase: This particular attribute of the buying behaviour of the targeted customers refers to the reason of purchase. Business or industrial consumers purchase goods or services in order to satisfy their business needs rather than their personal needs In the case of individual customers the reason to purchase a good or service is to satisfy their personal needs or family needs (Pearsoned, 2006) Nature of the Buying Process: The buying decisions of the customers are also considered to be different in the case of a B2B customer and a B2C customer. The buying process is highly formalised and therefore faces major inconvenience as a result of supply failure The buying process is comparatively less formalised and thus creates a minimal amount of inconvenience in the failure of the supply (Pearsoned, 2006) Communication: Communication is the factor which assists the marketer to create an impulse on the targeted customers. In the case of corporate buyers, th e impulse of personal selling is greater than mass media communication In case of the B2C customers, the influence of mass media tends to be much more effective than personal selling (Pearsoned, 2006) Other than these differences the buying behaviour of B2B and B2C customer also varies from several other influences such as the macro and micro environmental fluctuations. For instance, the buying behaviour of a B2B customer in an FMCG company is highly influenced by the fluctuations of the company’s financial stability or other economic trends. Contradictorily, the buying behaviour of a B2C customer does not directly get influenced by the ups and downs of the micro-environment (Barschel, 2007). The differences in the B2B and the B2C consumer buying behaviour can be again identified in the

Policemen of the World Outline Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Policemen of the World Outline - Assignment Example There were many trade rules implemented that governed the manner trading activities were being undertaken around various borders between countries. Organizations such as World Trade Organizations were major bodies that oversaw the means the trading activities were being undertaken between countries around the world (Schultz, 2014). The international trade has given countries around the world to improve their economy. They get to earn foreign exchange thereby leading to an improvement in the economy for various countries around the world. The rules that the heads of the organization have come up with has given the heads of various countries the chance to get good trading locations and even undertake the trading activities smoothly. The United States introduced a foreign policy on the war that took place around the world. They sent military enforcement to countries like Afghanistan in order to quell the incidences of war that took place within the country. The policy was also aimed at training the Afghan soldiers to avert a rise in the level of terrorist activities within the country. In addition, the United States also keeps a close look at all that takes place in Yemeni. They sent their military intelligence to keep a close eye on all that what taking place within the country and later came up with a policy that safeguards the interests of all the Yemen citizens. The United States also used this chance to win the confidence of the citizens from the Arab countries and build good trade ties in the end (Dwyer, 2011). Three aspects of the United States history since 1865 that prompted the United States’ rise a superpower included monetary reasons, religious and good perspectives, and geopolitical reasons. To start with, American ministers accepted that it was their obligation to spread Christianity to the unseemly ranges of the world. Second, European countries were viably partitioning the asset rich territories of the world in the middle of them and were benefitting significantly from these districts.  

Green Estate Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Green Estate - Essay Example The remit provides background of the company under study. Introduction section, which follows the remit, provides an overview of the whole paper in addition to defining some aspects of the analysis. Methodology section on the other hand indicates how collection of data was achieved and where it (data) was obtained from. The main source of data for analyzing Green Estate as used in this paper is the firm’s website. From Green Estate’s website, it was possible to obtain data on environmental factors affecting internal and external operations of the firm hence development of the PESTLE and SWOT. Within the findings/results, the paper attempts to critically review Green Estate’s background, mission statements, PESTEL, SWOT, competitors, and substitutes that are affecting operations of the firm. A conclusion, giving a brief summary of the main points, forms part of the paper. Lastly, the paper has recommendations, which mainly revolve around taking advantage of their strengths to overcome weaknesses and through opportunities, overcome the threats. Remit Found in 1998, Green Estate Ltd is an organization or firm has been involved in designing landscape, managing landscape, green roof, composting green waste, maintenance of ground, and providing educational experience. Through Single Regeneration Budget (SRB), Green Estate Ltd was created to help in reforming the landscape. The good reputation created from the SRB, Green Estate Ltd was able to attract more reputation hence being an epicentre in enhancing the landscape (Cote et al., 1994). Operations of Green Estate Ltd have enabled the organization to create a landscape, which has so far led to a positive relationship between land and people. Green Estate Ltd has been able to achieve tremendous success in their bid to enhancing land and people (Greenestate.org.uk (a)). Consequently, Green Estate Ltd forms part of the study area. Interest to study and analyze Green Estate Ltd has been aroused by th e achievements of the firm over the past few years since its inception. Introduction Like many other organizations, Green Estate Ltd has inspired many people in respect to how it has handled issues dealing with landscape and people. Undoubtedly, contemporary environment has been adversely affected by human activities. Hence, there is a sour relationship between people and landscape especially when the latter attempts to obtain their livelihood from the former. People through land have been able to find their livelihood. Green Estate Ltd has therefore been a fundamental firm in creating a positive and mutual relationship between people and landscape. The mutual relationship between people and land has been a creation of Green Estate Ltd thereby arousing the interest to dig deep into the firm’s mission, objectives, competitors, and surrounding business environment. Method In order to analyze the company, there is need to obtain adequate data and information on the organization. One of the ways of finding data is through analysis of the firm’s PESTEL, and SWOT strategic tools. PESTLE and SWOT strategic tools will provide an overview of how Green Estate Ltd is operating within and is affected by the environmental factors. Moreover, finding or obtaining adequate data on Green Estate Ltd also involved evaluating the firm’

Summer of My German Soldier Essay Example for Free

Summer of My German Soldier Essay The Historical Fiction novel Summer of My German Soldier, by Bette Greene takes place during World War II. It describes the life of a twelve-year old girl, Patty Bergen. This book concentrates on the relationship between Patty and her new friend Anton, a German escapee. Patty meets her new friend in her father’s shop, when a troop of POWs enter the store. The two protect and teach each other thought the story. In this review, readers will discover what it’s like to live during the time of Theodore Roosevelt and World War II. 12 year-old Patty Bergen, living in Jenkinsville, Arkansas during World War II, meets a German POW, Anton Rieker, when he purchases items at her father’s department store. She then agrees to hide Anton above her families’ garage, and steal food from her family to feed him. Soon enough news breaks out that a German POW has escaped, which puts the whole town on edge. Patty and her family are questioned. As Anton continues to live above the family garage, Patty becomes very angry with Anton because he had not asked her to leave with him after the war. Patty then realizes she needs to make a decision within her; she needed to choose between her father and Anton, she feels if turns Anton in her father will become popular and will love her, but Anton won’t. But soon enough her decision was made. Later that evening, Patty met Anton in the hideout with intentions of leaving with him, but was told otherwise. Before Anton jumped into the train, he gives her a kiss and a valuable ring that has been in his family for generations. When Anton left, Patty wore it around her neck as remembrance. When Patty begins to show it off she is questioned, she tells several people that â€Å"I saw this man walking down the road†¦Ã¢â‚¬ , â€Å"He asked me if I lived nearby and if I could spare a piece of bread with maybe a bit of butter on it.† (140) â€Å"Well, after he finished eating he thanked me and said that because I was obviously a person o value he was going to reward me with his most valuable possession.† (140) Patty confessed and soon found out what happened to Anton .Patty is charged and sent away, she ends up losing the one person she has left. Readers will find the different elements of the book attention grabbing. If you (the reader) are interested in romance, important lessons and danger this is a book for you. But the reader may not like the beginning of this book; it becomes useless to the plot of the story. When Patty meets Anton the story accelerates. â€Å"Now it so happens Aunt Dorothy is no beautiful thing.† (29) Upon completion the reader will find, as my example shows, the begging of the novel is pointless. As a reader, the middle of the story was more intriguing to me. A future reader that is interested in the time of World War II and the time of Theodore Roosevelt will also enjoy this novel. Though the book does not specifically explain this era it still is considered a part of it. I recommend this to risk takers, romantic novel readers and history involved book readers.

Conservation Of Forest Resources In North India Environmental Sciences Essay

Conservation Of Forest Resources In North India Environmental Sciences Essay Forests are natural umbrellas for ground surface because they protect the ground surface from erosion by falling raindrops and control radiation balance of the earth and the atmosphere by consuming increased amount of carbon dioxide released from ever increasing human volcanoes (chimneys of the factories) and thus prevent the earth from becoming too hot. Removal of forest cover exposes the ground surface to the atmospheric processes. Forest is a living resource. A large number of people of the hills and plains depend on forest resources especially in the North-Eastern Region of India. It is a renewable resource if properly managed. Deforestation can take place in no time but generation of forest takes a long time to develop into a self contained viable ecosystem.Today, there is a great awareness of the problems of forests in our country as well as in North East India. During the last one decade the forest cover of the region got depleted at an alarming rate, hence, preservation of forest is a heavy task for the region. Comprising of eight states, viz. ArunachalPradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim and Tripura; Northeast India is a mega-biodiversity centre and a hotspot. The region contains more than one third of the countrys total bio-diversity and is one of the 18 recognised bio-diversity hotspots of the world. It occupies 7.7% of Indias total geographical area supporting50% of the flora of which 31.58% is endemic. It is a transitional zone between the Indian, Indo-Barman-Malaysian and Indo-Chinese regions. The region supports a rich biodiversity spanning from tropical rainforests to alpine scrubs. This rich biodiversity has a significant role in the maintenance of the ecosystem. The region is rich in orchids, ferns, oaks bamboos, rhododendrons; magnolias etc.With the shrinkage of green cover everywhere, the region is also experiencing an impact on its ecological system. The major threats to the rich biodiversity of the region are expansion of agricultural activities, over-exploitation of forests for firewood, shifting cultivation, extensive timbering, grazing, urbanization, man-made forest fires, introduction of exoticplants, ill-managed road construction, mining, etc. which lead to habitat loss and habitat fragmentation that ultimately results in biodiversity loss. Natural calamities such as landslides, floods and forest fires also result in biodiversity loss to some extent. The region is known for its age old institutional mechanisms on cultural and social values for biodiversity conservation, namely sacred groves or forests in Meghalaya, Manipur and Nagaland; sacred landscapes in Sikkim and sacred hilltops in Arunachal Pradesh.Conserved as the abode of lo cal dieties, these ecosystems represent remnants of ancient forests, but these practices are rapidly vanishing due to modern education and conversion of religion, which have led to the giving up of traditional and ethnic beliefs. India has strengthened its hold on biodiversity conservation by implementing the Indian Forest Act, 1927; the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972; the Forest (Conservation)Act, 1980; the Environment(Protection) Act, 1986; the Biodiversity Act, 2002; the Biodiversity Rule, 2004,etc. The northeastern part of India, known for its diverse and most extensive lush forest cover, is sadly one of the major regions facing severe deforestation. Forests of this region are unique structurally and species composition. It is a meeting region of temperate east Himalayan flora, palaeo-arctic flora of Tibetan highland and wet evergreen flora of south-east Asia and Yunnan forming bowl of biodiversity. One of the states of this region viz., Arunachal Pradesh occupies a significant place as a crucible for the evolution of flora in north-east India and for speciation. The Brahmaputra valley sandwiched between Eastern Himalaya in the north, Garo/Khasi/Jaintia and Mikir/Cachar/Barail hills ranges in the south; is a meeting ground of the temperate east Himalayan flora and the wet evergreen and wet deciduous floristic elements. The Khasi-Jaintia hills function as a corridor of the south-east Asia floristic elements into the Indian subcontinent through the Arakan arc. The altitudinal var iation and rainfall patterns of southwest and northeast monsoon play a significant role in the development of ecological niches in this region of India.   The forest cover of north-east India has been assessed by the government at 1, 64,043 sq. km of the total geographical area of 2,55,083 sq.km. In the states of north-east India the heaviest demand on forest is for fuel wood and agricultural lands. The precise of deforestation cannot be accurately assessed due to the remoteness of many areas from which forest is removed and the lack of written records for deforestation. The forest area of the states like Assam, Meghalaya, Manipur and Mizoram has been reducing at an alarming rate. It is to be noted that the forest areas of the plains of the north-east India are considerably below national norm. In fact during the last few decades, there has become a rapid degeneration of forest resources in the region which threatened the economy and ecology of north-east India requiring the intervention of the supreme court of India. According to an official estimate based on satellite images (survey report of FSI), northeastern region has 1, 63,799 sq.km of forest, which is about 25% of the total forest cover in the country (Anon., 2000) The management of the forest has suffered in the recent past due to pressure on land, decreasing cycle of shifting cultivation, exploitation of forest for timber and lack of scientific management strategy. The age-old practice of shifting cultivation has been a single factor responsible for the forest and land degradation, thereby changing the landscape extensively. About 0.45 million families in northeastern region annually cultivate 10,000 sq.km forests whereas total area affected by jhumming is believed to be 44,000 sq.km (Singh, 1990). Degraded secondary forests, bamboo thickets and weeds or simply barren land dominate todays jhumscapes (Toky and Ramakrishnan, 1981; Roy and Joshi, 2002) Further, the problem has been getting worse through the indiscriminate felling of trees to satisfy the ever-growing hunger of industries surviving on forest products such as paper and pulp, plywood, match stick, etc. There is an urgent need of policy measures to undo the massive losses to the green cover of this region. Unlike other regions of the country administrative control regimes of forest cover in Northeast is different. A large part of the forests in this area fall under the category of open forests with a crown density of 10-40% and only few areas qualify as dense forests i.e. of crown density of 40% or higher. According to 1995 estimates, these states including Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Meghalaya, Manipur, Mizoram, Nagaland and Sikkim accounted for a loss of 791 sq. km forest area in two years viz. from 1993 to 1995 (FSI, 1996). Administrative classification of the forest cover in Northeast India State Total Reserved Protected Unclassified Total Shifting Cultivation (1987-97) Tripura 0.63 0.36 0.05 0.22 0.63 0.06 Sikkim 0.26 0.22 0.03 0.01 0.26 * Nagaland 0.86 0.01 0.05 0.80 0.86 0.39 Mizoram 1.59 0.71 0.36 0.52 1.59 0.38 Meghalaya 0.95 0.10 0.01 0.85 0.96 0.18 Manipur 1.50 0.14 0.40 0.96 1.50 0.36 Assam 3.07 1.81 0.40 0.86 3.07 0.13 Arunachal Pradesh 5.15 1.53 3.61 0.01 5.15 0.23 Total 14.01 4.88 4.91 4.23 14.02 1.73 Land Use/Land Cover in Northeast India. (Source: Anon., 2002a) Land cover (Vegetation Type) States Area (km2) Area (%) Tropical Evergreen Forest Nagaland, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Mizoram, Tripura 5246.202 2.001 Hollong Forest (Dipterocarpus) Arunachal Pradesh, Assam 980.87 0.374 Tropical Semi-Evergreen Forest Manipur, Nagaland, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Meghalaya, Mizoram 15363.42 5.86 Moist Deciduous Forest Manipur, Nagaland, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura 19727.24 7.524 Riverain Arunachal Pradesh 209.36 0.08 Hollock (Terminalia sp.) Arunachal Pradesh 108.87 0.042 Sal (Shorea robusta) forest Sikkim, Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura 526.61 0.201 Teak (Tectona grandis) Plantation Assam 15.71 0.006 Dry Deciduous Forest Manipur 79.00 0.03 Subtropical Evergreen I Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya 20866.83 7.959 Subtropical Evergreen II Arunachal Pradesh 3559.08 1.358 Sub-Tropical Broad leaved Forest Mizoram 509.95 0.195 Broad-leaved Hill Forest Sikkim 1876.18 0.716 Mixed Pine Meghalaya 1020.07 0.389 Pine Forest Manipur, Nagaland, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Meghalaya 1647.27 0.628 Temperate Broadleaved Arunachal Pradesh 20785.02 7.928 Mixed Temperate Forest Nagaland 509.95 0.195 Wet Temperate Forest Mizoram 448.16 0.171 Temperate Coniferous Forest Arunachal Pradesh 3190.60 1.217 Fir Forest Arunachal Pradesh 159.11 0.061 Sub-alpine and Rhododendron Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh, 276.35 0.105 Total 97104.60 37.04 Land Cover States Area % Associated vegetation type Abandoned Jhum Manipur, Nagaland, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Tripura. 20065.36 7.653 Open Bamboo Brakes Nagaland, Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Tripura 9501.57 3.624 Degraded Forest Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Tripura 15189.12 5.793 Subalpine and alpine Scrub Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim 2654.88 1.013 Alpine Pastures Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim 4697.66 1.792 Other Grasslands Assam, Meghalya 1971.18 0.752 Shrub/Scrub Assam 581.14 0.222 Total 151765.51 57.89 Orchards (including tea gardens) Arunachal Pradesh and Assam 6896.67 2.631 Non-forest/Current shifting cultivation/Fallow/Barren/ Alpine Barren/Agriculture/ Settlement/Others Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Mizoram, Tripura,Nagaland, Sikkim, Manipur, MeghalyaArunachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Manipur 83032.75 31.67 Cloud/Snow/Shadow 16164.00 6.165 Water Body Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Mizoram,Tripura,Nagaland, Sikkim, Manipur, Meghalya 4320.07 1.648 Total 262179.00 100 Statewise area under forest(sq. km.) in 2001:, Sl no State Geographical area Total forest Dense forest Open forest Percentage of forest area to geographical area 1 Arunachal Pradesh 83,743 68,045 53,932 14,113 81.25 2 Assam 78,438 27,714 15,830 11,884 35.33 3 Manipur 22,327 16,926 5,710 11,216 75.81 4 Meghalaya 22,429 15,584 5,681 9,903 69.48 5 Mizoram 21,081 17,494 8,936 8,558 82.98 6 Nagaland 16,579 13,345 5,393 7,952 80.49 7 Tripura 10,486 7,065 3,463 3,602 67.38 Source: state of forest report 2001. Quoted in statistical abstract, India, 2002, Forest cover in northeast India A review of the forest cover statistics of northeast India reveals some unexpected and contradictory trends. Data from the Forest Survey show an increase in forest cover of 3,398 square kilometers, an annual rate of 0.5 percent, for northeast India between 1987 and 1991, and a steady reduction in forest cover of 2,443 square kilometers, an annual rate of 0.15 percent, during the 1991-2001 periods. This increase between 1987 and 1991 seems to contradict the general perception of steady forest loss during the last decades (Barik and others 2005; Roy and Joshi 2002). North East India: Changes in Forest Cover 1987-2001 Annual rate of loss of forest cover due to shifting cultivation in north-east India: State Area affected by shifting cultivation in sq. km per year Population dependent on shifting cultivation(000) Arunachal Pradesh 703 270 Assam 700 403 Manipur 500 300 Meghalaya 760 350 Mizoram 600 260 Nagaland 730 400 Tripura 170 100 Source: report of the forest survey of India,2001 Percentage Annual Change in Forest Cover in North East India 1987-2001 :Ministry of Environment and Forest State-level data provide a clearer indication of the regional trends. The data reveal, for the period 1987-1989, a near 4 percent and over 5 percent increase in forest cover in Arunachal Pradesh and Sikkim respectively. This seems implausible since natural regeneration processes are typically considerably slower. Equally improbable is the annual growth rate for Tripura, which is recorded at almost 11 percent between 1999 and 2001.The reasons for this sudden expansion in forest cover are unclear, though it is suggested that the data reflect changes in methodology and scale. For instance the 2001 data include all lands with a tree canopy density of more than 10 percent, irrespective of land use. Thus tea plantations, agro- forestry plantations, and fruit orchards are all defined as forests. In addition, a number of districts previously ignored have been included in the assessments, which probably leads to some increases. Hence the Ministry of Environment and Forests cautions against temporal comparisons as technique and scale of interpretation were both different (Ministry of Environment and Forests 2001). Open and Dense Forest Developments in North East India 1997, 1999 and 2001 THE MAJOR CAUSES OF DEFORESTATION: Conversion of forest land in agricultural land: Due to the increasing population and subsequent food pressure over limited agricultural land, forest land is been brought under cultivation so that agricultural production may be substantially increased and food may be provided to hungry human population. Shifting or jhuming cultivation: Shifting cultivation is a major cause of forest lost in north-east India. The loss of forest cover due to shifting cultivation is increasing every year Overgrazing of forest of moderate cover by animals has resulted into large scale degradation of natural vegetation if not the complete destruction of forest. The deforested areas has been worst affected by grazing animals because no fresh regeneration of plant has been allowed by large herds of grazing animals. Forest fires: Forest fire whether natural or man made is effective destroyers of forest covers. Atmospheric lightning is the major source of natural forest fires besides man causes forest fire through his intentional/advertent and unintentional actions. Besides destroying vegetations, forest fires harden the ground surface which decreases the porosity of the soils and consequently there is a little infiltration of rain water. Lumbering: Lumbering for domestic and commercial purposes is the real cause of large scale destruction of forest cover. Ever increasing demand of timber for various purposes due to industrial expansion, urban growth and rapidly increasing human population has done great damage to natural forest covers. Multipurpose river projects: Multipurpose river projects require larger areas to be submerged for the storage of huge volume of water in the reservoirs constructed behind the dams. Thus, submergence of forested riverine areas completely destroys the natural forest. Steps taken by the government: The national forest policy of India, 1998, is now in force. Its formulation has been timely and certainly a marked improvement over the policy of 1952, which emphasized on increasing the area under forest cover to 33% or 1/3rd of the country total geographical area and 60% in the hills of north-east India. Forest development agency (FDA) is a central agency which provides financial help to the state government for the planting of trees and conservation of forest area. The government of Assam has of late formulated a forest policy, developing a common approach to manage both environment and biodiversity. The new policy, 2004, which is first of its kind, seems to be a comprehensive thoughtful one fuel, because the policy has considered almost all the major environment concern like flora and fauna, wildlife, soil fertility etc. the policy provides a comprehensive strategy for environmental conservation and improved support system for livelihood for the people living in the fringe areas of forests and thereby seeks to overcome the two major environmental problems- degradation of biodiversity and forest cover. CONSERVATION STRATEGY of FOREST RESOURCES IN NORTH EAST: Management of Biosphere Reserves, National Parks, Sanctuaries etc. in the region. Regulation of Sacred Groves. Introduction of more programs on Afforestation. Possible Replacement of areas under Shifting Cultivation by alternative economic activities. Ecosystem based forest management has to be adopted to maintain ecological balance. Reforestation in the deforested areas must be regulated to restore the ecological balance. Plantation of trees and vegetation should be made a compulsory feature in educational institutes, Youth clubs and in communities. Areas of water-shed should also be managed through afforestation programs. Alternative Livelihood must be provided for forest dwellers. Over-exploitation, habitat loss and fragmentation are the three major factors that threaten the biodiversity of this region. Forest is the vital components to sustain the life support system on the earth.Forests are playing an important role in the socio-economic development of a country or region. The role of forest in ecological balance, Last but not the least, serious efforts will have to be made to protect and conserve forest both at government as well as public level. Due attention should be given to forest management. Some of the useful steps for the conservation of forest are as follows: A proper ratio between forest cutting and plantation of trees should be maintained. Actual growth of trees is supervised. Strict prohibition of the cutting of trees for fuel is imposed. Protection from forest fire. Development of Natural Park and sanctuaries. Social forestry is developed. Forest survey, be conducted and classification be done accordingly. Plantation of trees according to local ecological condition. Long term master plan for forest conservation and development is prepared. CONCLUSION: Environmental stability, bio-diversity conservation, food security and sustainable development has been widely recognized at many aspects of conservation strategies. The key role of the forest has been recognized in their ecological, cultural, commercial and aesthetic aspects, yet rapid shrinkage of forest cover is threatening to tilt the ecological balance in the North Eastern Region. A sizeable disappearance of forest cover is causing serious damage to forest ecosystem of the region. The fast dwindling of forest cover is attributed to rampant encroachment and unchecked habitat expansion in the forest land. Encroachment is more aggressive in forest areas located along the inter-state boundary with Nagaland, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam and Meghalaya. For the Northeast the CDM funding potential can be maximized if the definition allows for high crown density and height. Appropriate areas can be readily identified through comparative assessments of forest cover changes using the widely av ailable aerial maps of the region. However, in the absence of an agreed definition it is impossible to quantify the financial opportunities that could emerge from the CDM. Further assessments must await government decisions Man has always had an integral association with nature, and thereby with forest. He has gradually changed the aspect of natural ecosystem into man-made ecosystem. Thus it can be said that man has the power too to control the further degradation of our natural environment if he desires to do the needful action and it would be possible only through the participation of man in respect of the preservation and conservation of various natural resources where, forest resource is one of the vital one. Hence it is worth mentioning that conservation of forest resources in North East India is need of the hour.

Inherit the wind (Scopes trial) Essay -- essays research papers

The play Inherit the Wind, was written by Jerome Lawrence and Robert E. Lee to inform its readers about the injustice of a law that limited the freedom of an ordinary citizen. This play is based upon actual events that happened to an individual, John Scopes, in Dayton, Tennessee during the 1920’s. This famous â€Å"Monkey Trial† not only allowed people to begin to accept new theories about the origin of man, but also showed that they did not have to limit themselves in other areas of life. In the beginning of the play, the authors try to lead us into the topic of Darwinism versus Creationism. One instance was when the character Howard actually told Melinda â€Å"Your old man’s a monkey!†(5) The audience also learns that the accused lawbreaker, Bert Cates, and the reverend’s daughter, Rachel Brown, are in love and are set to be married. Rachel becomes a pertinent part of the trial when Brady starts to question her, against the will of Bert. The theme of Inherit the Wind is, "don't be afraid of new ideas, and you have to let people make up their own minds about things." That theme fits the story really well, because that is the exact opposite of what the people of Hillsboro did, and look what happened there. One man spoke his mind, and a trial that made history was held. No one should be afraid to speak their mind, and people should not automatically reject a new idea because it is not what they are used to. The characters in Inherit the Wind heard Bert Cates's idea, didn't l...

Essay --

John C. Maxwell once wrote, â€Å"Leadership is the power of one harnessing the power of many.† Rousseau, in The Social Contract Theory writes that leadership is necessary to create law. A leader must have the ability to provide for all, no matter the case. Thus, they must have the â€Å"power of many† in order to understand the will of the people. A population cannot create laws for itself without guidance from some higher power. An effective leader must be able to harness the power of many in order to create effective laws and rules for the collective good. Rousseau uses several examples of worthy leaders in order to prove that quality leadership determines fair law in Book II, Chapter VI: THE LAW. In particular, he discusses the role of God, legislators, and guides. First, the efficiency of lawmaking will be discussed, then the reasons law is essential, next the characteristics per Rousseau of an ideal lawmaker, and finally the best type of leader or guide will be debated. Many things have changed since Rousseau’s time, however the need for a leader to determine fair law has remained the same, and will continue to be a large part of governments and societies. Rousseau describes the efficiency of lawmaking, saying: â€Å"So long as men are content to attach to this word only metaphysical ideas, they will continue to debate without being understood† (p.178). Rousseau is essentially arguing that the relationship between the number of leaders and the productivity of those leaders is an inverse one: the more leaders, the less accomplished. This is why it is necessary to have one strong leader instead of having the whole of the people lead the people. The difference between decrees and laws is the difference between States and republics. R... ...lways right. A guide who is able to enlighten the general public and create laws is a true asset to the population because of a leader’s ability to view objects and situations without a personal perspective. This is why there is always â€Å"need of a legislator.† Some leaders believe that they are held to lesser standards than their people. This is one problem with putting certain people in charge of the rest of the community. However, laws apply to everyone, including those who make them. This is why there is a separate party that enforces the law, to create equality for all. This is why leaders and guides are beneficial for a community. In order to maintain a fair society, there is need for legislators who are subjected to the laws they create. Without guides, the laws would not be effective or fair to all, and the State would not obtain the status as a republic.

Narrowing the Defining Boundaries of Magical Realism :: Latin American Literature Essays

Narrowing the Defining Boundaries of Magical Realism Latin American author Elena Garro wrote works such as "Recuerdos del porvenir," "Andamos huyendo Lola," "Testimonios sobre Mariana," and "The Day We Were Dogs." The short story "The Day We Were Dogs" (1964) uses events that are questionable to the reader even though the characters do not question. Because these events are questioned by the reader, it is not a Magical Realist story. This story might have been miss identified because it was written by a Latin author. In "The Day We Were Dogs," the author uses magical elements to help tell the story two sisters and there day as "dogs?". These elements seem to be magical by means of Magical Realist techniques, but becuase the author dosen't make it clear as to whether these two sisters are dogs or if they are pretending to be dogs the reader hestitates. After reading the following passage, the reader might conclude that the two girls are pretending: Eva got up and disapeared among the plants. She returned running and threw herself down next to Toni."I told them to cook for three dogs and no people." I didn't ask anything. Next to Toni the house had lost its wieght. Two ants were walking on the ground of the day; an earthworm peeked out of a hole, I touched it with my fingertip and it became a red ring. There were bits of leaves, little pieces of branches, tiny pebbles, and the black earth smelled of magnolia water. The other day was off to one side. Toni, Eva, and I watched without fear its gigantic towers and stationary winds, purple and mulberry colored."You, what is your name going to be? Look for your dog name, I'm looking for mine." "I'm a dog?" "Yes we are dogs." (208) Then readers read this following passage and questions the decision they had made by reading the former passage: The dogs got to the gate; it was hard for them to open the door; the bolts were very high. (209) By making the reader hesitate (Todorov) about whether this is supernatural or real, this story could be placed into the Fantastic genre, but we can't put it into this genre because it also has an element of the Sublime in it. The Magical Realist technique that the author uses is the closeness or near merging (Faris) two different days. This becomes apparent when the narrator states that it was "a day with two days in it" (206).

Foreign Direct investment policies Essay

Recently Egypt has made some impressive reforms in reforming its foreign direct investment policies but there are still some significant barriers. Currently the FDI stands at 12. 2 Billion up from one billion in 2001. Barriers to entry have been eased for foreign investors; the country has dedicated a ministry to propel the number of foreign investors. Egypt streamlined its tax system with a reduction in corporate income tax rate from between thirty two percent and forty percent to a uniform of twenty percent. In manufacturing, foreign investment has been fully liberalized other than in industries related to defense activities. Foreign equity is allowed to participate in privately owned communication and financial services up to one hundred percent. It has become cheaper and quicker for foreigners to register new companies (Ikram et al 1980) In some sectors such as transport, electricity and construction, foreign investment is restricted. For example in construction foreign companies have to set up a joint venture, in which the equity of foreigner is only limited to forty nine percent. Economic Structure and performance The economy of Egypt is undergoing a steady growth in the last quarter of 2008. Egypt’s annual growth domestic product had risen from 7. 3 in 2006 to 8. 6 in 2008. The rate of inflation has also dropped from 18. 3% in 2003 to 3. 21% in 2008. However with the current economic downturn inflation rate in Egypt stand at 10. 87%. With the economic reforms that the government has undertaken, private sector commands over eighty percent of Egypt’s economy. As economic reforms take root, the annual growth domestic percent is likely to accelerate. It has been predicted that it will hit 13. 5 % by 2010. Economist agrees that the economic climate that currently exists in Egypt is the best one for investing. The Egyptian economy as it is now is able to create more opportunity for domestic growth of wealth and also has enormous potential over long term because of the following reasons: strong economic growth of 8. 6% in 2007, incentives and reforms given to foreign investors, low cost of living and availability of cheap labor. Since 2001, Egypt consumer price index, has registered a significant growth from 12. 68% in 2004 to 3. 6% a fact that is attributed to the rise in the value of the Egyptian Pound. The current account of Egypt has also grown from a deficit of 1. 8% of the annual gross domestic product to an estimated 6. 1% in 2007. (CIAO/EIU Partnership 2008) With the high population in Egypt, the county has a wider market of both skilled labor and unskilled labor. The ministry of education has always ensured that the courses offered in both private and public learning institutions are at par with the requirements in the job market. With the assistance of IMF and World, Egypt has embarked on a program that will see the private sector takes a big role in the county. Egyptian government entrenched Law 203, which was to speed privatization of the public sector. Currently the degree of privatization in Egypt is high (72 percent). By 2007, the government had privatized over eighty percent of the 314 public enterprises which it had earmarked for privatization. The ministry of public enterprise in Egypt predicts that by 2010, all the public enterprises that were earmarked for privatization will have been privatized. With privatization of these public enterprises, the benefits accrued to the Egypt economy is an additional savings to the country. The total gain which has so far been realized by privatization is that GDP has grown by 2. 8 %. With the growth in GDP, the country’s infrastructure has also noticed some improvement, because most of the savings that the government is making as a result of privatization is currently being used for development (Sayed et al 2007 pp12-29) The Egyptian’s road network is somehow underdeveloped. It is currently being serviced by a network of over sixty eighty thousand kilometers of both secondary and primary roads. Despite modernizations of roads in Egypt in mid 1980s, most of them are either under construction or are in poor condition. The level of congestion of automobiles has continued to rise due to the increase in the number of licensed automobiles. According to a report released by EIU (2006) country profile, Egypt reported the highest incidences of automobile fatalities in the entire world: it was 44. 8 deaths per one hundred thousand kilometers. In terms of energy Egypt has adequate supply of electricity from Egyptian Electricity Authority which produces over fifteen thousand megawatts of power. Plans are already underway for EAA to increase its power production by more than two thousands five hundred by 2010. Power consumption has reported a constant growth of 6. 1% per year. Telecommunication services are cheaper and modern. According to reports by EIU country profile for 2006/2007, Egypt had more than seven million lines. The lines are increasing at a rate of one million per year. The country has seventy nine internet providers (Economic intelligence unit country profile) Natural and Cultural factors Egypt has a diverse cultural mix which is good for investors. 80 percent of the Egyptian population is Muslims, while Christians and Hindu makes up the remaining percentage. The country observes religious practices like during the holy month of Ramadhan the country is always in a prayer mood. Egypt also has an average temperature of between 13 and 29 degree centigrade. For entry to Egypt, Visa is usually required. EU and U. S nationalities that are traveling or want to invest in Dahab, Taba, Sharm EL Shik and Hurghada are given a free visa stamp upon arriving at the airport Social and political stability Egypt is a democratic country with many political parties. The country has a semi presidential system, where power has been split between the prime minister and the president. In 2005, Egypt changed its constitution to allow for more presidential candidates to take part in the elections. The county also has a good political temperature that is favorable for investors. The country was the first Arab country to embraces political relationship with Israel. It also plays in mediating conflict between different countries in the Middle East. The political life in Egypt is good for investors. Hence U. S businessmen who are currently doing their business there or who want to start doing their business should do so. Recommendation and Conclusion From the analysis carried, the writer of this paper is of the opinion that Egypt is a good country for any American companies who are thinking of investing there or who have already invested there to continue. The writer is of the opinion that Egypt has an attractive and stable market for property investors. The country has an emerging property market in tourist destinations and it is also offering a return that is excellent on property investment. Despite the fact that foreign equity in construction industry is standing at forty nine percent Americans companies should ventures into it because of the high rate of return that this industry commands in Egypt. Reference: Abd al –Salam, Abou Khaf M & Abu Qahf (2005) Foreign direct investment in developing countries, a comprehensive analysis of the determinants, policies, organization & impacts a case study of Egypt. Buckley P (2003) the changing global context of Egypt international Trade CIAO/EIU Partnership (2007) Economic structure of Egypt retrieved from www. ciaonet. org on March 26 2009 Egypt trade summary PDF retrieved from www. ustr. gov/assets/Document_Library on March, 26 2009 Economic intelligence unit country profile 2006/2007 report retrieved from www. eiu. com/index. asp March, 26 2009 Galal A & Lawrence (1998) An Egypt US free trade Brookings Institution Press pp 23 -56 Ikram K & World Bank (1980) Egypt, Economic management during transition period – A mission report sent to Egypt by the World Bank pp 12 -42 Kaudhar- Luis F (2006) Investing in Construction Industry in Egypt Alexandra University Press pp 9 – 30 Marks S & Ken K 2001 a comparative study of foreign direct investment in Egypt Published by USAID pp 9 -14 Olarreaga M & Madani D (2002) Politically Optimal Tariffs- an application of Egypt pp 6 – 29 Sayed S, Idarat A. & Dawliyah (2007) international business in Egypt & Middle East Jordan Publisher 12 -65 Weigel D, Wagle D & Gregory W (1997) foreign direct investment World Bank Publications pp 1 -22

Abortion Outline 3

Why choose Pro-Life over Pro-Choice Thesis: Although convenient, abortions are cruel, and inhumane alternatives to pregnancy. I. What is abortion? A. Abortion is the termination of a pregnancy, either by choice, or for medical reasons. B. There are two possible ways to terminate a pregnancy (pill and in-clinic. ) C. There are also two kinds of abortion. Therapeutic abortion, which the baby is aborted for the safety of the mother, and elective abortion, in which the abortion is performed due to a choice that the mother has made for an unborn child. II. What is life? A.Most people who feel strongly of abortion and religion believe that life is created upon conception. (egg + sperm) B. Viability is when the fetus is 18 weeks old, and can live outside the womb. The fetus can still be aborted at 18 weeks, but if it were outside the womb, it would have the legal rights of a person. C. At three weeks old the fetus’ heart begins to pump blood to the body. III. Why is abortion chosen o ver adoption, or keeping the child? A. Some women feel its incontinent. B. Rape or incest only accounts for less than 2 percent of abortions. C. Since its not mandatory, some women don’t know the alternatives. IV.How is an abortion performed? A. There are 2 ways it can be performed. B. Aspiration abortion is the most common method of abortion. C. The average time for an abortion to be performed is 10-20 minutes. V. What are the legal attributions in an abortion? A. Abortions are 100% confidential (unless the patient is under 18. ) B. Obama’s executive order won’t protect the unborn. C. Since 1973 it has been the responsibility of 7 non-elected judges on the Supreme Court to make decisions on abortions for our nation. VI. Will the mother suffer any complications? A. Post traumatic stress disorder is very common among mothers. B.Many mothers suffer complications if they become pregnant after their abortion. C. 47% of women who have one abortion will have another. VII. Should abortion be illegal or just frowned upon? A. 53% of Americans believe that abortion should be legal in some circumstances. B. 22% believe that it should be illegal in all situations. C. Banning abortion, would make it a violation of human rights to some. VIII. Does ethnicity affect abortion statistics? A. African American women are almost 5 times as likely to have an abortion than a white woman is. B. The two main ethnicities that have abortions are Caucasian and African American.C. Most Mexican Americans are Catholic, and Catholics only contribute to 27% of abortions. IX. Abortions aren’t always performed in a safe environment. A. Unsafe abortions kill upwards of 70,000 women each year. B. Africa has the worlds highest maternal mortality (100x more than developed countries. ) C. In Latin America 21% of maternal deaths are associated with unsafe abortion. X. Unborn babies have characteristics of humans outside the womb. A. By 20 weeks fetuses have pain receptors. B. At 4 weeks fetuses can hear C. At 5 weeks the fetus is just a sac of DNA. XI. Abortion is not globally acceptedA. Abortion in Eastern Europe is higher than any other developed country. B. In Russia where abortion is legal 19/1,000 women have abortions. C. Whereas in Poland where abortion is illegal and highly frowned upon, not 1 % of the population has abortions. XII. Differences between pro-life and pro-choice. A. Pro-life tends to be more of a republican base and believe that everyone has a right to life. B. Pro-choice are more of a Democrat base and believe that a woman has the right to be in control over her body. C. Most people don’t know the extent of abortions, and their specific procedures.

John Proctor Essay

The audience now have conflicting emotions; there is confusion as although we know he has made a mistake, he doesn’t deserve to die for it, we also feel disappointed that Proctor has given into Danforth showing a weakness rather than power and bravery. The courts are relieved that Proctor decides to confess and they want him to sign a confession, Danforth explains why it needs to be signed ‘Why, for the good instruction of the village†¦ ‘ Proctor first shows signs of changing his mind ‘You have all witnessed it- it is enough’ Proctor is adamant that he doesn’t want to take his verbal confession any further. He says ‘I have given you my soul; leave me my name! ‘ he is in a desperate situation as although he has confessed to impiety he doesn’t want everyone in Salem to see the evidence of it. Proctor †¦ tears the paper and crumples it, but he is weeping in fury but erect. He has resolved his dilemma and has made his final decision to hang. The audience feel empathy for Proctor however we are glad he has made the righteous decision, redeeming himself in the end. His final words convey his good sense of morals and his courage. He says ‘†¦ I do think I see some shred of goodness in John Proctor. ‘ The audience agree with his decision as it separates him from the hypocrisy of others. It also expresses his honesty in direct conflict with Danforth who is completely corrupt and irrational; Proctor says ‘Show honour now, show a stony heart and sink them with it! ‘ It is a heroic end for Proctor showing his strength and dignity. By the end of the play some of the characters hold different views on Proctor. At the beginning of the play when Hale first arrived in Salem he was very enthusiastic about the witchcraft but throughout the play his views swayed towards Proctor’s explanation of the accusations. He realises that the witch-hunts are a consequence of dangerous pretence caused by a young girl’s vengeance. ‘It is a lie! They are innocent! ‘ Hale is certain that this is fraud and he feels guilty for his earlier actions. ‘Let you not mistake your duty as I mistook my own†¦. And where I turned the eye of my great faith, blood flowed up. ‘ Hale knows he has done wrong and he is sincere and honest enough to admit his errors. As the play progresses we see a change in Elizabeth’s attitude, at the very end of the play a lot of the tension between them is resolved. Elizabeth admits that she was also to blame for their difficult marriage; ‘It needs a cold wife to prompt lechery’ she has now fully forgiven him and they both realise their love for each other. Moments before Proctor hangs they share a loving, affectionate kiss He has lifted her, and kisses her now with great passion. Now that Proctor feels a genuine love and forgiveness he can die with an easy mind and with dignity. Hale’s condemnation and pleading with Elizabeth to save Proctor is a point of high dramatic tension as he knows that she is the only one that can change his mind. Hale pleads, ‘Woman, plead with him! Woman! It is pride, it is vanity. ‘ Elizabeth knows that she can’t take Hale’s advice as she knows her husband has made the morally right, honourable decision for himself. Miller uses Elizabeth’s final statement to confirm that Proctor is a tragic hero. ‘He have his goodness now. God forbid I take it from him! ‘ This demonstrates that she cannot intervene because she can’t take away his honesty and make his imperative decision for him. This proves that Proctor is a tragic hero as he chooses to die with an honest conscience. Proctor refuses to collaborate with the evil of the courts. ‘God does not need my name nailed up upon the church! ‘ He will not agree to his signed confession being shown to the people of Salem because he doesn’t want there to be any significant evidence of the lie he is giving. When Proctor reflects on himself, he is quite harsh. ‘I cannot mount the gibbet like a saint. It is fraud. ‘ He is blaming himself for the situation he is in now as it is a consequence of his affair with Abigail. As he realises his mistakes he begins to see himself as a fraud. The witch-hunt shown in The Crucible has a strong link to the McCarthy trials in the early 1950s, as both occasions created a vast hysteria. Both Danforth and Abigail are closely linked to John McCarthy as they are trying to gain power. Abigail was constantly manipulating the courts; therefore a consequent fear and hysteria is created and innocent people like Mary Warren, who get frightened and intimidated, start to betray friends. Millers’ message is trying to tell the audience to be aware of, and stand up to people like Danforth and Abigail and expose things before it’s too late. Also, that we should beware that a petty pretence can become extremely dangerous. As we observe, Proctor comes across as very self-centred at the beginning of The Crucible and he doesn’t seem to be aware of his mistakes- he is hypocritical and angry at Elizabeth for not forgiving him straight away for his affair, ‘You forget nothin’ and forgive nothin’. Learn charity woman. ‘ However as the play progresses the audience experience a new, moral and powerful Proctor who notices his faults. He now understands his errors and thinks of himself as a sinner ‘I cannot mount the gibbet like a saint†¦ My honesty is broke. Elizabeth; I am no good man. ‘ I do not completely agree with the statement ‘What is John Proctor? I am no saint; for me it is fraud. I am not that man. ‘ Although he has sinned by lying and committing lechery with Abigail he doesn’t deserve to die as a consequence of Abigail’s vengeance. I feel that Proctor is being quite harsh on himself because even though he makes mistakes that put him in this situation, he redeems himself in the end by telling the truth and dying with dignity. ‘†¦ for now I do think I see some shred of goodness in John Proctor. ‘ To conclude, I consider Proctor as more of a saint than a sinner. He is not a complete saint but I do believe that his courage, good sense of morals and power should be honoured and respected as he was a decent, noble man.   C20th Drama Coursework Essay: The Crucible Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Arthur Miller section.

Methods of Evangelism Essay

Of the two evangelistic intellectual methods, I have chosen to research the â€Å"Four Spiritual Laws.† Bill Bright wrote, â€Å"Just as there are physical laws that govern how the physical universe, so are there spiritual laws that govern your relationship with God. This method is most used in presenting the Gospel to someone because it is simpler. Bill Bright, the founder of Campus Crusade for Christ, originally wrote this as a booklet. This booklet was designed to help individuals to be more effectual in their witness for Jesus. The Four Spiritual Laws are used to convict, convince, and convert. The Laws are as followed: Law 1: God loves you and offers a wonderful plan for your life. [John 3:16] Law 2: Man is sinful and separated from God. [Roman 3:23] Law 3: Jesus Christ is God’s only provision for man’s sin. Through Him, you can know and experience God’s love and plan for your life. [Roman 5:8] Law 4: We must individually receive Jesus Christ as Savior and Lord; then we can know and experience God’s love and plan for our lives. [John 1:12] According to my research the advantages of using the Four Spiritual Laws approach are, they enable one to be prepared because it is [so simple] and represents the basic truths of the Gospel of Jesus. This method allows you to open up an easy conversation the right way. For example, â€Å"I have been a Christian for years, and I have just recently found a way to express my faith that genuinely makes sense. I would like to share it with you. Have you heard of the Four Spiritual Laws?† At the same time, the most understandable way to explain the Laws is to read the booklet aloud. It gives one the confidence of already knowing what to say because it distinctly pre sents the claims of Jesus Christ. Above all, this is essential to pass on to a non-believer (2 Timothy 2:2). Furthermore, in using this method you can explain all the marvelous things that are waiting for you when you receive Jesus as your Lord. Declaring what the Bibles says, â€Å"If you declare with your mouth, â€Å"Jesus is Lord,† and believe in your heart that God raised him from the dead, you will be saved. For it is with your heart that you will believe and are justified, and it is with your mouth that you profess your faith and are saved (Romans 10: 9-10). Afterwards, you can encourage an individual to ask questions. Alternatively, there are a couple of disadvantages to using the Four Spiritual Laws. Even though, this method has been effectively used, it can be somewhat confusing to the person whom did not grow up in a Christian culture. An example would be, â€Å"telling someone God has an incredible plan for their life.† This may ultimately sound as if you only have to believe in Jesus, and all your problems will be gone. However, the Bible never promises life will be wonderful. It says, â€Å"Indeed, all who desire to live Godly in Christ Jesus will be persecuted† (2 Timothy 3:12). In other words, even though the Laws explains that you can have an incredible life if you accept Jesus and believe that he died on the cross for you; this is a point that [cannot] be over expressed, but can be reiterated by quoting John 10:10. Another disadvantage in using this method is it does not define sin. In first John, it says that sin is lawlessness, (i.e. Breaking God’s law). While the Four Spiritual Laws does explained sin as being separated from God, it does not explain [what] separates us from God, which in reality is our disobedience of God. Because of our rapidly changing world you cannot automatically assume that everyone understands what sin is. So, when using the Four Spiritual Laws, it is essential to explain sin. Non-believers need to understand that the word sin means breaking God’s laws. Ultimately, this would give the believer a chance to introduce the Ten Commandments, further making them understand the need for a savior. Part TWO- Evangelistic Method #2 Of the Relational Methods, I have chosen to explore â€Å"Lifestyle Evangelism.† In summary, this method is essentially demonstrating ones faith by their actions. It is the most effective way of winning souls. This method should be used on people, whom one interact with the most, people who know someone and see them on a regular basis. Lifestyle evangelism creates a nurturing environment to extend an invitation to Christ. This means an unbeliever will feel a sense of belonging before becoming a believer. Research has shown that a non-believer would be likely to give a believer the opportunity to share their faith, when the believer’s life has proven that their words are sincere, and life altering. In this way, the non-believer would feel a sense of worth before they expose themselves to the Inspired Word. There are some advantages to using the Lifestyle Relational method. In particular, the Father sent Jesus to be the absolute light, to be an example, and demonstrate how people of God should live. We should be living proof that Our Father is who he says he is; that Christ truly is the Son who freed people from slavery to self; and that the Holy Spirit honestly can transform our life. This is truly an advantage affirmation. This example of showing is not a substitute for telling. If words were all we used to explain the gospel, then people would never understand it enough to submit to Jesus. However, showing a person is a necessary preparation for telling. People will always buy into your words when your actions back them up. We must live a life that shows Jesus Christ. Christ told His disciples, â€Å"Let your light shine before men that they may see your good deeds and praise your Father in heaven† (Matt. 5:16). This means the way we handle business, the way we play games, the way we prepare for tests, the way we interact with family. Every thing we do should allow Christ to shine daily in our lives. Another advantage of using the Lifestyle Relational method would be that it is the most profitable and productive method. It not only produces but allows one to be converted, as well as become a disciple, which is what Jesus calls us to do (Matt. 28:19). In today’s culture, when it comes to the truth of the Scriptures, people want to see it validated and lived out in another before they will accept it as the valid truth. Inasmuch as, there are advantages to this method there are disadvantages, as well. One primary disadvantage to this approach is that it can be an easy excuse for Believers. Consequently, instead of aggressively and diligently pursing evangelistic opportunities, Believers may convince themselves that if they just lead honest lives, are open and friendly in sharing their faith, God will take care of the rest. The truth is to be an effective evangelist; you have to be more aggressive in your selection of friends; as well as identifying non-believers with whom you relate to comfortably and who you enjoy being around. Another disadvantage to this method of evangelism is that; it is the most customary approach used among evangelists; it is especially universal among those who share their faith the [least] and who are less likely to [know] of anyone accepting Jesus through these efforts. Lastly, this method is one that is discredited by the Scriptures. Part THREE- Evangelistic Method #3 The â€Å"Confrontational† evangelistic method I have chosen to explore is the Door to Door Evangelism. In summary, this method began with D. James Kennedy in 1960. After preaching at the Coral Ridge Church in Fort Lauderdale, FL; James Kennedy realized that he was afraid to confront unbelievers with the truth of the gospel. Surprisingly, being invited to Decatur, GA to conduct a gospel campaign, he was introduced to presenting the gospel door to door. After he had returned to the church in Florida, he implemented the principles he had learned, and called them the â€Å"Evangelism Explosion.† The primary purpose of Door to Door evangelism is to build relational bridges between the community and the local church. The Bible shows us how the Lord used this method effectively during the history of the church, from the time of the early church until today. Door to Door work is part of the church’s ‘Level One Sowing’ strategy. It is going to the people ins tead of waiting for them to come to the church. Furthermore, this method of evangelism is one of the few ways that ascertains each household can be reached with the gospel. With this in mind, there are some advantages to using this method of evangelism. For example, almost anyone can do this technique of outreach; because there are no rare or exceptional skills required. Another key advantage; like all outreach it conveys that the church is interested enough to go out to the people. It also opens up valuable contacts for far more than ordinary evangelism. Lastly, it is a fairly cheap means of outreach, and easy to organize. Nevertheless, this method of evangelism is not without its disadvantages and critics. Since 1973, research has shown and labeled this method to be outdated, old fashioned and ineffective in today’s society. Consequently, when doing door to door work it should be done in teams; and always done in teams when ladies are involved. However, this presents a problem because building mixed sex teams are not always easy to organize. Another disadvantage is that some forms of this method are not suitable for the younger generation. Lastly, it is hard to motivate people to do this form of evangelism. In essence, once they begin, many individuals find it enjoyable and much easier than expected. Part FOUR – Application of These Methods to Your Own Life The method that I have chosen that suits me best is Lifestyle Evangelism. I chose this one because when Jesus said, He did not come to â€Å"to be served, but to serve, and to give His life,† He was not just explaining His mission; He was showing us how to live (Matt. 20:28). For me, living a life that is Holy and acceptable in God’s eyes is the best way to show others how much work He has done in me, for me and through me. This method works best for me because, when I walk the walk, I can talk the talk because it shows. This allows me to introduce Jesus to many of the people around me, from the grocery store to the car wash. Even when I am not actively evangelizing I am because of my lifestyle. I may not always see the role I play in different people lives, but according to our text states we should constantly plant the seeds of gospel. There are some whom will plant and others will water. This role of evangelism is comfortable for me. It allows me to approach non-believers with confidence, to share my testimony. Being an evangelist for Jesus has become cool, and why not? Personally, it feels incredible to choose good over evil. Living an acceptable life for Christ, is allowing God to shape my character into the likeness of Him. Evangelizing should not be something we do every now and again, but it should be the way we are call to live. My attitude should be the same as Jesus. Apostle Paul said it like this, â€Å"In your relationships with one another, have the same mindset as Christ Jesus: Who, being in very nature of God, did not consider equality with God something to be used to his own advantage, rather he made himself nothing by taking the very nature of a servant, being made in human likeness (Philip. 2:5-7). While writing this paper, I received a compliment from a stranger. I thought it was the best compliment I have ever received. It was, â€Å"Miss, are you a Pastor or Evangelist, I ask because you have an [anointed] air about you.† I was taken back, and when I thought about it, tears fell. This is my daily prayer that I would decrease, and God would increase in me. References BibleGateway.com. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.biblegateway.com Bright, B. (n.d.). Four Spiritual Laws Online. Retrieved from http://www.campuscrusade.com/index.html Earley, D., & Wheeler, D. (n.d.). Spiritual Farming. In Evangelism Is: How to Share Jesus with Passion and Confidence (pp. 85-92). Relational Evangelism. (n.d.). Http://www.cmfhq.org/Portals/0/acrobat/training/Rel_Evangelism Stewart, D. J. (n.d.). Confrontational Soul Winning †¦Verses Lifestyle Evangelism. Retrieved from http://www.jesus-is-savior.com/Believer’s%20Corner/confrontational_soulwinning.htm You Can Share The Gospel. (n.d.). MTA BIBLE. Retrieved from http://www.mtabible.com/evangelism-methods/10-four-spiritual-laws.php